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Bulletin references October 2022

A full list of references for the October Bulletin is available here.

You can download a copy of the October 2022 Bulletin from our Bulletin pages.

Six decades of advancement in forensic veterinary pathology 

  1. Cooper JE and Cooper ME. Wildlife Forensic Investigation: Principles and Practice. Florida, USA: Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, 2013.  
  2. Newbery SG, Cooke SW and Martineau HM A perspective on veterinary forensic pathology and medicine in the United Kingdom. Vet Pathol 2016;53: 894–897. 
  3. Munro R, Ressel L, Gröne A, Hetzel U, Jensen HE, Paciello O et al. European forensic veterinary pathology comes of age. J Comp Pathol 2020;179:83–88. 
  4. Cooper JE and Cooper ME. History of forensic veterinary medicine. In: Tostes RA, Túlio S, Reis J and Castilho VV. Treaty of Legal Veterinary Medicine. Sindivet and Medivep, Brazil: Brazilian Association of Legal Veterinary Medicine. 
  5. Cooper JE and Cooper ME Introduction to Veterinary and Comparative Forensic Medicine. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2007. 

Chronic myeloid leukaemia: A paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment 

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  3. Nowell P, Hungerford DA. A minute chromosome inhuman granulocytic leukemia. Science 1960;132:1497. 
  4. Baikie AG, Court-Brown WM, Buckton KE, Harnden DG, Jacobs PA, Tough IM. A possible specific chromosome abnormality in human chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nature 1960;188:1165–1656. 
  5. Rowley JD. Letter: A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature 1973;43:290–293. 
  6. Medical Research Council. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia: comparison of radiotherapy and busulphan therapy. Report of the Medical Research Council's working party for therapeutic trials in leukaemia. Br Med J 1968;1:201–208.  
  7. Allan NC, Richards SM, Shepherd PC. UK Medical Research Council randomised, multicentre trial of interferon-alpha n1 for chronic myeloid leukaemia: improved survival irrespective of cytogenetic response. The UK Medical Research Council's Working Parties for Therapeutic Trials in Adult Leukaemia. Lancet 1995;345:1392–1397. 
  8. Buckner CD, Clift RA, Fefer A, Neiman PE, Storb R, Thomas ED. Treatment of blastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukemia by high dose cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation and infusion of cryopreserved autologous marrow. Exp Hematol 1974;2:138–146. 
  9. Goldman JM, Th'ng KH, Park DS, Spiers AS, Lowenthal RM, Ruutu T. Collection, cryopreservation and subsequent viability of haemopoietic stem cells intended for treatment of chronic granulocytic leukaemia in blast-cell transformation. Br J Haematol 1978;40:185–195.  
  10. Brito-Babapulle F, Apperley JF, Rassool F, Guo AP, Dowding C, Goldman JM. Complete remission after autografting for chronic myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Res 1987;11:1115–1117.  
  11. Fefer A, Cheever MA, Greenberg PD, Appelbaum FR, Boyd CN, Buckner CD et al. Treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia with chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of marrow from identical twins. N Engl J Med 1982;306:63–68.  
  12. Waldmann H, Cobbold S, Wilson A, Clark M, Watt S, Hale G et al. Rat monoclonal antibodies for bone marrow transplantation–the CAMPATH series. Adv Exp Med Biol 1985;186:869–875.  
  13. Apperley JF, Jones L, Hale G, Waldmann H, Hows J, Rombos Y et al. Bone marrow transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: T-cell depletion with Campath-1 reduces the incidence of graft-versus-host disease but may increase the risk of leukaemic relapse. Bone Marrow Transplant 1986;1:53–66. 
  14. de Klein A, van Kessel AG, Grosveld G, Bartram CR, Hagemeijer A, Bootsma D et al. A cellular oncogene is translocated to the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Nature 1982;300:765–767.  
  15. Heisterkamp N, Stephenson JR, Groffen J, Hansen PF, de Klein A, Bartram CR et al. Localization of the c-ab1 oncogene adjacent to a translocation break point in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Nature 1983;306:239–242.  
  16. Groffen J, Stephenson JR, Heisterkamp N, de Klein A, Bartram CR, Grosveld G. Philadelphia chromosomal breakpoints are clustered within a limited region, bcr, on chromosome 22. Cell 1984;36:93–99.  
  17. Shtivelman E, Lifshitz B, Gale RP, Canaani E. Fused transcript of abl and bcr genes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Nature 1985;315:550–554.  
  18. Ben-Neriah Y, Daley GQ, Mes-Masson AM, Witte ON, Baltimore D. The chronic myelogenous leukemia-specific P210 protein is the product of the bcr/abl hybrid gene. Science 1986;233:212–214.  
  19. Daley GQ, Van Etten RA, Baltimore D. Induction of chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice by the P210bcr/abl gene of the Philadelphia chromosome. Science 1990;247:824–830.  
  20. Kolb HJ, Mittermüller J, Clemm C, Holler E, Ledderose G, Brehm G et al. Donor leukocyte transfusions for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia in marrow transplant patients. Blood 1990;76:2462–2465.  
  21. Mackinnon S, Papadopoulos EB, Carabasi MH, Reich L, Collins NH, Boulad F et al. Adoptive immunotherapy evaluating escalating doses of donor leukocytes for relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation: separation of graft-versus-leukemia responses from graft-versus-host disease. Blood 1995;86:1261–1268.  
  22. Dazzi F, Szydlo RM, Craddock C, Cross NC, Kaeda J, Chase A et al. Comparison of single-dose and escalating-dose regimens of donor lymphocyte infusion for relapse after allografting for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 2000;95:67–71. 
  23. Hughes TP, Morgan GJ, Martiat P, Goldman JM. Detection of residual leukemia after bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia: role of polymerase chain reaction in predicting relapse. Blood 1991;77:874–878.  
  24. Cross NC, Feng L, Chase A, Bungey J, Hughes TP, Goldman JM. Competitive polymerase chain reaction to estimate the number of BCR-ABL transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1993;82:1929–1936.  
  25. Buchdunger E, Zimmermann J, Mett H, Meyer T, Müller M, Druker BJ et al. Inhibition of the Abl protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo by a 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative. Cancer Res 1996;56:100–104. 
  26. Druker BJ, Tamura S, Buchdunger E, Ohno S, Segal GM, Fanning S et al. Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells. Nat Med 1996;2:561–566.  
  27. Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM et al. Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1031–1037.  
  28. Vasella D. Magic Cancer Bullet: How a Tiny Orange Pill May Rewrite Medical History. New York, USA: HarperCollins. 
  29. Gratwohl A, Hermans J, Goldman JM, Arcese W, Carreras E, Devergie A et al. Risk assessment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia before allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Lancet 1998;352:1087–1092.  
  30. Gorre ME, Mohammed M, Ellwood K, Hsu N, Paquette R, Rao PN et al. Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 2001;293:876–880.  
  31. Apperley JF, Gardembas M, Melo JV, Russell-Jones R, Bain BJ, Baxter EJ et al. Response to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases with rearrangements of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta. N Engl J Med 2002;347:481–487.  
  32. Hochhaus A, Baccarani M, Silver RT, Schiffer C, Apperley JF, Cervantes F et al. European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020;34:966–984.  
  33. Holyoake T, Jiang X, Eaves C, Eaves A. Isolation of a highly quiescent subpopulation of primitive leukemic cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 1999;94:2056–2064.  
  34. Abraham SA, Hopcroft LE, Carrick E, Drotar ME, Dunn K, Williamson AJ et al. Dual targeting of p53 and c-MYC selectively eliminates leukaemic stem cells. Nature 2016;534:341–346.  
  35. Clark RE, Polydoros F, Apperley JF, Milojkovic D, Rothwell K, Pocock C et al. De-escalation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy before complete treatment discontinuation in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (DESTINY): a non-randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol 2019;6:e375–e383.  

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Past, present and future 

  1. E Moschcowitz. An acute febrile pleiochromic anemia with hyaline thrombosis of the terminal arterioles and capillaries: an undescribed disease. Arch Intern Med 1925;36:89–93. 
  2. Upshaw JD Jr. Congenital deficiency of a factor in normal plasma that reverses microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1350–1352. 
  3. Schulman I PM, Lukens A, Currimbhoy Z. Studies on thrombopoiesis, I: a factor in normal human plasma required for platelet production: chronic thrombocytopenia due to its deficiency. Blood 1960;16:943–957. 
  4. Moake JL, Rudy CK, Troll JH, Weinstein MJ, Colannino NM, Azocar J et al. Unusually large plasma factor VIII:von Willebrand factor multimers in chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1432–1435. 
  5. Furlan M, Robles R, Galbusera M, Remuzzi G, Kyrle PA, Brenner B et al. von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1578–1584. 
  6. Tsai HM, Lian EC. Antibodies to von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1585–1594. 
  7. Levy GG, Nichols WC, Lian EC, Foroud T, McClintick JN, McGee BM et al. Mutations in a member of the ADAMTS gene family cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Nature 2001;413:488–494. 
  8. Page EE, Kremer Hovinga JA, Terrell DR, Vesely SK, George JN. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and long-term outcomes from 1995 through 2015. Blood Adv 2017;1:590–600. 
  9. Rock GA, Shumak KH, Buskard NA, Blanchette VS, Kelton JG, Nair RC et al. Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Canadian Apheresis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991;325:393–397. 
  10. Subhan M, Scully M. Advances in the management of TTP. Blood Rev 2022;55:100945. 
  11. Scully M, Cataland SR, Peyvandi F, Coppo P, Knobl P, Kremer Hovinga JA et al. Caplacizumab treatment for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 2019;380:335–346. 
  12. Scully M, Hunt BJ, Benjamin S, Liesner R, Rose P, Peyvandi F et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombotic microangiopathies. Br J Haematol 2012;158:323–335. 
  13. van Dorland HA, Taleghani MM, Sakai K, Friedman KD, George JN, Hrachovinova I et al. The International Hereditary Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Registry: Key findings at enrollment until 2017. Haematologica 2019;104:2107–2115. 

Twenty years of the UK Blood Service’s Systematic Review Initiative 

  1. NHS. Health Service Circular. Better Blood Transfusion. Available at: http://www.open.gov.uk/doh/coinh.htm 
  2. Stanworth SJ, Brunskill SJ, Hyde CJ, McClelland DBL, Murphy MF. Is fresh frozen plasma clinically effective? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Br J Haem 2004;126:139–152. 
  3. Hibbs SP, Brunskill SJ, Donald GC, Saunders HD, Murphy MF. Setting priorities for research in blood donation and transfusion: outcome of the James Lind Alliance priority-setting partnership. Transfusion 2019;59:574–581. 
  4. Stainsby D, Brunskill S, Chapman CE, Doree C, Stanworth S. Safety of blood donation from individuals with treated hypertension or non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes - a systematic review. Vox Sang 2010;98:431–440. 
  5. Simpson E, Lin Y, Stanworth S, Birchall J, Doree C, Hyde C. Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;2012:CD005011. 
  6. Stanworth SJ, Hyde C, Heddle N, Rebulla P, Brunskill S, Murphy MF. Prophylactic platelet transfusion for haemorrhage after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(4):CD004269. 
  7. Stanworth SJ, Estcourt LJ, Powter G, Kahan BC, Dyer C, Choo L. A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1771–1780. 

An antimicrobial stewardship education collaboration between National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria and the Royal College of Pathologists 

  1. Antimicrobial resistance collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet 2022;399:629–655. 
  2. Achi CR, Ayobami O, Mark G, Egwuenu A, Ogbolu D, Kabir J. Operationalising One Health in Nigeria: Reflections From a High-Level Expert Panel Discussion Commemorating the 2020 World Antibiotics Awareness Week. Front Public Health 2021;9:673504. 
  3. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance (2017–2022). Available at: https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/docs/protocols/77_1511368219.pdf 
  4. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Federal Ministry of Environment and Federal Ministry of Health. National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance 2017–2022. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/a-future-for-children/nigeria-amr-national-action-plan.pdf?sfvrsn=153f003d_1&download=true 

Neurodiversity and specific learning difficulties in training and the workplace: Why do they matter?  

  1. Harvard Health Publishing. What Is Neurodiversity. Available at: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-neurodiversity-202111232645 
  2. Helen Arkell Dyslexia Charity. What Is An SpLD. Available at: https://www.helenarkell.org.uk/about-dyslexia/what-is-an-spld.php 
  3. General Medical Council. Welcomed and Valued – Supporting Disabled Learners in Education and Training. Available at: https://www.gmc-uk.org/education/standards-guidance-and-curricula/guidance/welcomed-and-valued 
  4. Magnin E, Ryff I, Moulin T. Medical teachers’ opinions about students with neurodevelopmental disorders and their management. BMC Med Educ 2021;21:16. 
  5. Institute for Employment Studies. Review of Support for Disabled Students in Higher Education in England. Available at: https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/34722/1/review-of-support-for-disabled-students-in-higher-education-in-england.pdf 
  6. Burgstahler SE, Cory RC. Universal Design in Higher Education: From Principles to Practice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2015. 
  7. Health Education England. Career Refresh for Medicine. Available at: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/careforme 
  8. General Medical Council. Completing the Picture Survey. Available at: https://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/completing-the-picture-survey_pdf-87815271.pdf 
  9. General Medical Council. Completing the Picture Report. Available at: https://www.gmc-uk.org/about/what-we-do-and-why/data-and-research/research-and-insight-archive/completing-the-picture-report 

Ethics, digital pathology and AI: The importance of the patient and public voice 

  1. UK Government. National AI Strategy, 2021. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-ai-strategy 
  2. McKay F, Williams BJ, Prestwich G, Bansal D, Hallowell N and Treanor D. The ethical challenges of artificial intelligence-driven digital pathology. J Pathol Clin Res 2022;8:209–216.  
  3. The Alan Turing Institute. What Is Artificial Intelligence? Available at: https://www.turing.ac.uk/about-us/frequently-asked-questions 
  4. World Health Organization. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health, 2021. Available at: www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240029200 

The histopathological reporting of temporal artery biopsies for giant cell arteritis: Results of an RCPath member survey 

  1. Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, Camellino D, Duftner C, Gonzalez-Chiappe S et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020;59:1–23. 
  2. Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, Buttgereit F, de Boysson H, Brouwer E et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:19–30.  
  3. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1122–1128.  
  4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tocilizumab for treating giant cell arteritis Technology appraisal guidance TA518. London, UK: NICE, 2018 [updated April 18 2018]. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta518 
  5. Chakrabarty A, Mackie S, Harden C, Morgan AW. Temporal artery biopsy: audit of histological diagnosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020;59:678–679. 

Using digital pathology to enhance histopathology-surgery-radiology case-based reviews  

  1. Browning L, Colling R, Rakha E, Rajpoot N, Rittscher J, James JA et al. Digital pathology and artificial intelligence will be key to supporting clinical and academic cellular pathology through COVID-19 and future crises: the PathLAKE consortium perspective. J Clin Pathol 2020;74:443–447. 
  2. Colling R, Protheroe A, Sullivan M, Macpherson R, Tuthill M, Redgwell J et al. Digital pathology transformation in a supraregional germ cell tumour network. Diagnostics 2021; 11:2191. 
  3. Philippou Y, Harriss E, Davies L, Jubber I, Leslie T, Bell RW et al. Prostatic capsular incision during radical prostatectomy has important oncological implications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJUI 2018;124:554–566. 

A new national programme for genetic testing and cardiological screening of families after sudden unexpected death 

  1. Kong MH, Fonarow GC, Peterson ED, Curtis AB, Hernandez AF, Sanders GD et al. Systematic review of the incidence of sudden cardiac death in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:794–801.  
  2. Bowker TJ, Wood DA, Davies MJ, Sheppard MN, Cary NR, Burton JD et al. Sudden, unexpected cardiac or unexplained death in England: a national survey. QJM 2003;96:269–279. 
  3. Harris SL, Lubitz SA. Clinical and genetic evaluation after sudden cardiac arrest. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020;31:570–578.  
  4. Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL et al. Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:205–211.  
  5. Bagnall RD, Weintraub RG, Ingles J, Duflou J, Yeates L, Lam L et al. A prospective study of sudden cardiac death among children and young adults. N Engl J Med 2016;374:2441–2452.  
  6. Sheppard MN. Saving families from sudden death. Bull R Coll Pathol 2012;160:236–241.  
  7. Lahrouchi N, Raju H, Lodder EM, Papatheodorou E, Ware JS, Papadakis M et al. Utility of post-mortem genetic testing in cases of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:2134–2145.  
  8. Walsh R, Lahrouchi N, Tadros R, Kyndt F, Glinge C, Postema PG et al. Enhancing rare variant interpretation in inherited arrhythmias through quantitative analysis of consortium disease cohorts and population controls. Genet Med 2021;23:47–58.  
  9. NHS England. National Genomic Test Directory: Testing Criteria for Rare and Inherited Disease. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Rare-and-inherited-disease-eligibility-criteria-version-3.1-August-2022.pdf 
  10. NHS England. Genomics and the prevention revolution. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/blog/genomics-and-the-prevention-revolution/ 
  11. Sheppard MN, Suvarna SM. Guidelines on Autopsy Practice: Sudden Death with Likely Cardiac Pathology. London, UK: Royal College of Pathologists, 2022. Available at: www.rcpath.org/profession/guidelines/autopsy-guidelines-series.html 
  12. de Noronha SV, Behr ER, Papadakis M, Ohta-Ogo K, Banya W, Wells J et al. The importance of specialist cardiac histopathological examination in the investigation of young sudden cardiac deaths. Europace 2014;16:899–907.  
  13. Middleton LP, Feeley TW, Albright HW, Walters R, Hamilton SH. Second-opinion pathologic review is a patient safety mechanism that helps reduce error and decrease waste. J Oncol Pract 2014;10:275–280.  
  14. Varma M, McCluggage WG, Shah V, Berney DM. Pathologists can get it right the first time. J Clin Pathol 2021;74:271–272.  
  15. Thiene G, Veinot JP, Angelini A, Baandrup UT, Basso C, Bruneval P et al. AECVP and SCVP 2009 recommendations for training in cardiovascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010;19:129–135.  
  16. Behr ER, Scrocco C, Wilde AAM, Marijon E, Crotti L, Iliodromitis KE et al. Investigation on sudden unexpected death in the young (SUDY) in Europe: Results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Europace 2022;24:331–339. 

Chasing ghosts: Using artificial intelligence for feto-maternal haemorrhage estimation 

  1. Kleihauer E, Braun H, Betke K. Demonstration of fetal hemoglobin in erythrocytes of a blood smear. Klin Wochenschr 1957;35:637–638 
  2. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the Estimation of Fetomaternal Haemorrhage. London, UK: British Society for Haematology, 2009 
  3. Krywko DM, Yarrarapu SNS, Shunkwiler SM. Kleihauer Betke Test. StatPearls: Florida, USA, 2022. 
  4. Crowther CA, Middleton P, McBain RD. Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD000020, 2013. 
  5. Qureshi H, Massey E, Kirwan D, Davies T, Robson S, White J et al. BCSH guideline for the use of anti-D immunoglobulin for the prevention of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Transfus Med 2014;24:8–20. 
  6. Wylie BJ, D'Alton ME. Fetomaternal hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:1039-1051. 
  7. Kim YA, Makar RS. Detection of fetomaternal hemorrhage. Am J Hematol 2012;87:417–423. 
  8. Mahe ER, Higa D, Naugler C, Mansoor A, Shabani-Rad MT. Accuracy of the CellaVision DM96 platform for reticulocyte counting. J Pathol Inform 2014;5:17. 
  9. NEQAS. Feto-maternal haemorrhage Survey 2202. Available at: https://www.ukneqash.org/ 
  10. Espinosa A, Finseras K, Storvold G, Wedo T, Fonn K, Mathew S et al. A case of severe, silent fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) detected by mixed-field in the mother’s ABO typing. J Obstet Gynaecol 2016;2:061–062.